human digestive system working model science project explanation in english | howtofunda
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The human digestive system is a complex and vital system responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that our body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair.

It involves a series of organs and processes that work together to digest and absorb food.

Let's explore the key components and functions of the human digestive system:

1. Mouth:

The digestive process begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that start breaking down carbohydrates.

2. Esophagus:

After being chewed and moistened, the food forms a soft mass called a bolus. The bolus is then pushed down the esophagus by rhythmic contractions called peristalsis.

3. Stomach:

The food enters the stomach, where it is mixed with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes. These acids and enzymes further break down the food and turn it into a semi-liquid mixture called chyme.

4. Small Intestine:

The chyme is released gradually from the stomach into the small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site of digestion and nutrient absorption.
Here, the chyme is mixed with bile (produced by the liver) and pancreatic juices (produced by the pancreas). Bile helps in the breakdown of fats, while pancreatic juices contain enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into their smaller components.

5. Villi and Microvilli:

The inner lining of the small intestine is covered with tiny finger-like structures called villi, and each villus has even smaller projections called microvilli. These structures significantly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption.
Nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamins, are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and enter the bloodstream for distribution to cells throughout the body.

6. Large Intestine (Colon):

The remaining undigested and unabsorbed material, along with water and electrolytes, moves into the large intestine. The colon absorbs water and electrolytes from the waste, forming feces.

7. Rectum and Anus:

Feces are stored in the rectum until they are ready to be eliminated from the body through the anus during the process of defecation.

Accessory Organs:

The liver and pancreas are essential accessory organs that support the digestive process. The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine when needed to aid in fat digestion. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to further break down food.

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