electromagnetic science experiment explanation in English | howtofunda | science exhibition

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An electromagnet is a temporary magnet created by passing an electric current through a coil of wire. In this experiment, the copper wire forms a coil around the iron nail, and when an electric current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field.

Materials Needed:

Iron nail or a similar piece of iron (around 3 to 4 inches long)
Copper wire (insulated)
Battery (AA or AAA size)
Paper clips or small metal objects


Instructions:
Prepare the Wire:

Strip off a small section of insulation from both ends of the copper wire, exposing the bare wire.

Wrap the Wire Around the Nail:

Start wrapping the copper wire around the iron nail tightly, leaving a few inches of wire on each end. Aim to create as many loops as possible around the nail. The more loops you have, the stronger the electromagnet will be.

Create Connections:

Connect one end of the wire to the positive terminal of the battery.
Connect the other end of the wire to the negative terminal of the battery.

Testing the Electromagnet:

Once the wire is connected to the battery, your electromagnet is ready to use.
Test the electromagnet's strength by bringing it close to paper clips or small metal objects. The electromagnet should attract these objects and pick them up when it comes near them.


Explanation on how it works:

When the wire is connected to the battery, electric current flows through the copper wire, creating a flow of electrons. This flow of electrons generates a magnetic field around the wire.

When the electric current flows through the coil (wire wrapped around the nail), it magnetizes the iron nail. The magnetic field produced by the electric current aligns the magnetic domains in the iron, causing the nail to become a temporary magnet.

The magnetized nail now exhibits magnetic properties and can attract magnetic materials, such as iron paper clips or small metal objects.