How to Connect AWS RDS MySQL Server to FastAPI – Full Integration Guide

In this step-by-step tutorial, you'll learn **how to connect a MySQL database hosted on AWS RDS to a FastAPI application**. This integration is essential for building scalable, database-driven web applications using FastAPI and managed databases in the cloud.

AWS RDS (Relational Database Service) provides a highly available and secure way to manage databases in the cloud, and FastAPI is a modern, high-performance Python web framework ideal for APIs and backend services.

What You’ll Learn:

* How to configure and launch a MySQL instance on AWS RDS
* How to connect to your RDS database from your FastAPI app
* How to use SQLAlchemy or async SQL drivers to interact with the DB
* How to secure your credentials and manage connections
* Best practices for connection strings and firewall settings

Prerequisites:

* AWS account with RDS access
* MySQL database running on AWS RDS
* FastAPI project (can be a basic one)
* Python 3.8+ environment
* Installed dependencies: `fastapi`, `uvicorn`, `sqlalchemy`, `pymysql` or `aiomysql`

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. **Create MySQL RDS Instance on AWS**

* Go to AWS RDS dashboard
* Launch a MySQL instance
* Set username, password, and instance type
* Enable public access and configure security group rules (allow port 3306 from your IP)

2. **Get Endpoint and Port of Your RDS Instance**

3. **Install Required Packages in FastAPI App**

```bash
pip install sqlalchemy pymysql fastapi uvicorn
```

4. **Configure SQLAlchemy Database URL**

```python
# database.py
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

DATABASE_URL = "mysql+pymysql://username:password@your-rds-endpoint:3306/dbname"

engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)
```

5. **Integrate With FastAPI**

```python
# main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from database import SessionLocal

app = FastAPI()

def get_db():
db = SessionLocal()
try:
yield db
finally:
db.close()
```

6. **(Optional) Use Async with aiomysql**

```bash
pip install databases aiomysql
```

7. **Secure Your Credentials**

* Use environment variables or `.env` files
* Example with `python-dotenv` or `pydantic.BaseSettings`

Pro Tips:

* Set up SSL connection for production environments
* Use connection pooling for performance
* Use Alembic for database migrations
* Monitor RDS usage through AWS Console

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