This is a common point of confusion for MongoDB beginners! This tutorial shows you exactly how to find documents that have null values or are missing a field entirely.

What you will learn:

Querying for null: How db.collection.find({ field: null }) works. Important: This query finds documents where the field is set to null AND documents where the field does not exist at all.

Using $exists: false: How to only find documents where the field is missing or does not exist.

Using $type: "null": How to only find documents where the field's value is explicitly set to null (BSON type 10).

We'll show clear examples of all three methods so you know exactly which one to use for your query.

Example ($exists): db.users.find({ email: { $exists: false } })

Example ($type): db.users.find({ email: { $type: "null" } })

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