EV Charging Station Architecture | G2V, V2G & V2X | Charging Modes | AC & DC Charging | Electric Vehicles | Lecture 16

Electric Vehicle charging infrastructure is a key enabler for the widespread adoption of electric mobility. In this lecture, we introduce the architecture of EV charging stations, beginning with the concepts of Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V), Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) operation. The lecture explains how electric vehicles are evolving from passive loads into active distributed energy resources capable of supporting the electric grid through services such as peak load shaving, voltage regulation, reactive power compensation, and load balancing.

The lecture then compares AC-connected and DC-connected charging station architectures, highlighting their operating principles, efficiency, and integration with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. It further discusses the four standardized EV charging modes (Mode 1 to Mode 4), explaining their operating characteristics, communication requirements, and typical applications ranging from residential charging to commercial fast charging. The lecture also presents battery capacities, battery voltage levels, charging power classifications, and commonly used charging standards such as CCS, CHAdeMO, Type-2 AC, Bharat AC-001, and Bharat DC-001.

Finally, practical examples of commercial 100 kW and 240 kW DC fast chargers are presented along with their specifications, including input voltage, output voltage range, output current, output power, and supported charging connectors. The lecture concludes with a comparison of technical specifications of popular electric vehicles and introduces the concept of multiport chargers based on Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converters for future high-power EV charging applications.

Topics Covered

Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) Operation
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Operation
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Concept
Grid Support Services and Benefits
AC-Connected and DC-Connected Charging Stations
EV Charging Modes (Mode 1 to Mode 4)
Battery Voltage and Capacity of Different EV Segments
Charging Power Classification
CCS, CHAdeMO, Type-2 AC, Bharat AC-001 and Bharat DC-001 Connectors
Practical 100 kW and 240 kW Fast Chargers
EV Powertrain Specifications
Multiport EV Chargers using Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converter

Who Should Watch?

B.Tech. and M.Tech. students
Power Electronics learners
Electric Vehicle enthusiasts
GATE and ESE aspirants
Researchers working on EV charging infrastructure and smart grids
Engineers designing EV charging stations and power electronic converters

Recommended References

EV Handbook, NITI Aayog.
I. Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2021.
C. C. Chan and K. T. Chau, Modern Electric Vehicle Technology, Oxford University Press.

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