This lecture examines the evolution of architectural thought following the limitations of modernism in the late 20th century and introduces the concept of Critical Regionalism as a response to placeless and culturally detached modern architecture. It explores how architects began integrating modern architectural principles with local climate, materials, culture, and traditions to create context-sensitive design. The lecture also discusses the emergence of Neo-Traditional architecture, vernacular revival, and community architecture, highlighting examples such as incremental housing, climate-responsive design, and passive environmental strategies. Through case studies of architects like Charles Correa, B.V. Doshi, Raj Rewal, and Bijoy Jain, the lecture demonstrates how contemporary architecture can balance modern technology with regional identity and environmental responsiveness.