This lecture initiates a series of discussions on groundwater exploration, which involves scientific methods to locate and extract groundwater while understanding the aquifer's nature and quality. Groundwater exploration can be divided into surface and subsurface methods, with surface methods being more accessible and subsurface methods offering higher accuracy but at greater cost. Techniques include geomorphologic, geological, and geophysical methods, with test drilling and borehole logging being primary subsurface techniques. The primary objectives are to locate aquifers for various uses and to ensure water quality and economic viability, with additional goals including artificial recharge feasibility and waste disposal assessment. Social and economic benefits are crucial considerations before embarking on exploration programs.